Buckling

The sudden change in shape of a structural component under a specific loading condition is called bucking in structural engineering. Notable examples are the bowing of a column under compression or the wrinkling of a plate under shear loading. Various modes, depending on the geometry and the loading conditions, are displayed, i.e. lateral, torsional, or global buckling.

When a structure is subjected to a gradually increasing load, and the load reaches a critical level, a member may suddenly change shape and the structure and component is said to have buckled. Euler's critical load and Johnson's parabolic formula are used to determine the buckling stress in slender columns. It should be mentioned that the capacity of a structure against buckling is determined by the structure's material properties, geometry, and/or boundary conditions.