Columns

Column, in structural engineering, is a vertical structural element that primarily supports compressive loads and transfers them from the structure's superstructure, e.g. floors, beams, and roofs, to the substructure, i.e. foundations, supporting elements and the ground. Columns are essential components in buildings, bridges, and various other structures, providing structural stability. In fact, they distribute the loads effectively preventing structural failure. Columns are constructed from various materials, including concrete, steel, masonry, and wood, depending on the structural requirements and design specifications. Building codes and safety standards determine the design of columns.