Why earthquake-prone Greece is now considering nuclear power

The Deon Policy Institute argues that developing nuclear power in Greece could strengthen the country’s energy, economic, and climate security. Reflecting growing concerns about energy supply and greenhouse gas emissions, the Greek government has recently reopened discussions on whether nuclear energy should become part of the national energy mix—an idea that would have faced strong opposition just a few years ago.

Across the European Union, nuclear power already plays a significant role since twelve member states operate nuclear reactors, including France, Finland, Sweden, Romania, and Czech Republic. According to data from Eurostat, nuclear plants generated 23.3% of the EU’s electricity in 2024, a 4.8% increase compared with 2023.

Nuclear physicist George Laskaris, president of the Deon Policy Institute, has studied the potential for small nuclear reactors in Greece and he argues that nuclear energy is essential for three key reasons: energy security, economic stability, and climate protection. Because nuclear plants produce large amounts of electricity within a very small area and emit minimal greenhouse gases, he considers them an effective low-carbon energy source.

Furthermore, Laskaris stresses that nuclear power could reduce Greece’s heavy dependence on imported energy. Currently, the country imports around 80% of its energy, mainly oil and natural gas, making it vulnerable to geopolitical tensions and supply disruptions. Developing domestic nuclear capacity, he argues, would improve energy independence.

From an economic perspective, stable energy prices are another advantage. Since nuclear fuel is purchased at predictable costs and reactors operate for decades, nuclear power can help stabilize electricity prices for both industry and households, especially during periods of global energy volatility.

However, concerns about safety remain a major issue in Greece, particularly because the country is earthquake prone. However, Laskaris notes that reactor technology has evolved significantly. Early reactors developed in the 1950s were largely experimental, while later generations introduced improved safety systems. Modern reactors include passive safety mechanisms that can automatically shut down the reactor without human intervention, and advanced monitoring technologies, including artificial intelligence, further enhance safety. He also believes that attitudes toward nuclear power are gradually shifting. Even some environmental organizations that once opposed nuclear energy now acknowledge its potential role as a low-carbon energy source, provided strict safety conditions are met.