Underwater structures

Underwater structures are constructions that are designed, built, and operate in underwater environments, such as oceans, seas, rivers, lakes, and even submerged artificial reservoirs. These structures serve a variety of purposes, ranging from scientific research and exploration to infrastructure development and resource extraction. Designing and constructing underwater structures present unique challenges due to the harsh underwater conditions, water pressure, corrosion, and other environmental factors. Submarines and submersibles, underwater tunnels, offshore oil and gas platforms, underwater pipelines, underwater power generation and underwater caves are some characteristic examples of underwater structures. Designing and constructing underwater structures requires specialized engineering knowledge and technologies, while maintaining and operating these structures also requires careful planning and ongoing monitoring due to the challenging conditions.