- Particle Methods for a 1D Elastic Model Problem: Error Analysis and Development of a Second-Order Accurate Formulation
- D. Asprone ; F. Auricchio ; G. Manfredi ; A. Prota ; A Reali ; G Sangalli
- Book Title / Journal: Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences
- Year: 2010 , Volume: 62 , Series:
- Structural Analysis
- Keywords: Meshless methods ; Particle methods ; Error Evaluation ; Kernel Particle Methods
- Description
- Particle methods represent some of the most investigated meshless approaches, applied to numerical problems, ranging from solid mechanics to fluiddynamics and thermo-dynamics. The objective of the present paper is to analyze some of the proposed particle formulations in one dimension, investigating in particular how the different approaches address second derivative approximation.
With respect to this issue, a rigorous analysis of the error is conducted and a novel second-order accurate formulation is proposed. Hence, as a benchmark, three numerical experiments are carried out on the investigated formulations, dealing
respectively with the approximation of the second derivative of given functions, as well as with the numerical solution of the static problem and with the approximation of the vibration frequencies for an elastic rod. In each test, the obtained numerical results are compared with exact solutions and the main criticalities of each formulation are addressed.
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- Evaluating the Value of Early Planning for Building Information Modeling Using Lean Theory
- C.R. Dubler ; J.I. Messner
- Book Title / Journal: 27th International Conference on Applications of IT in the AEC Industry & Accelerating BIM Research Workshop, Cairo, Egypt
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Other Structural
- Keywords: Building Information Modeling
- Description
- Building Information Modeling (BIM) provides a means for owners, designers, contractors, and operators to generate, organize and use detailed information throughout a project lifecycle. An important aspect to the success of BIM is the process in which information is exchanged between project team members. In theory, information should be both accessible and usable, when required. Because the AEC industry is project centered, and several companies work collectively towards the design and construction of a facility, the availability and accuracy of information can become constrained. Building Information Modeling has the potential to improve efficiency in the AEC industry; however, if the information exchange (IE) process is not planned early in the project lifecycle, the benefits of using the authored data may be mitigated by process waste.
This paper serves to evaluate the value of early team planning as it pertains to performing BIM tasks in the construction phase of a project. The rationale behind lean theory is to increase efficiency by eliminating waste, consequently increasing value. To illustrate the value of early project planning for BIM, this research focuses on the information exchange waste produced on a case study project. During the case study process actual information exchanges were evaluated using the seven types of waste: overproduction, inventory, extra processing, motivation, defects, waiting, and transportation. Finally, time and resources were allocated to each
non-value added aspect of information exchange through interviews with the project team members. This procedure produces a total cost of IE waste which was then correlated to the lack of early planning. Using this methodology, the Millennium Science Center (MSC) project on the Pennsylvania State University campus was evaluated to determine the economic benefit associated with the early planning of BIM on future projects.
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- Using Construction Deficiency Reports and Product Models as Systematic Feedback to Avoid Design Errors Caused by Lack of Knowledge
- P. Johansson ; K. Granath
- Book Title / Journal: 27th International Conference on Applications of IT in the AEC Industry & Accelerating BIM Research Workshop
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Other Structural
- Keywords: product models ; BIM softwares
- Description
- Design errors cause a big part of the defects occurring in building production and maintenance. Earlier research have shown that the most common cause for design errors is lack of knowledge. Product-model based CAD-systems are increasingly used in structural engineering practice and it is well known that these systems reduce the design errors, mostly through better visualization and collision checks. The design errors caused by lack of knowledge are not prevented using product-model based CAD-systems as we do today. This paper describes a case study of design errors where the structural engineer is involved. The aim of the study was to find new ways to prevent design errors using the product-model based technique. The study supports earlier findings that the use of product-model based CAD-systems have a great potential in preventing design errors, especially co-ordination errors. The study also shows that many of the design errors caused by lack of knowledge could be prevented in future projects if the design errors from earlier projects were systematically documented and made available to the structural engineer in the design process. This could prevent as many design errors as is prevented by using product-model based CAD-systems today. The study shows that about 90% of the design errors that could be prevented in this way were situated where two or more elements meet. It was also found in the study that the information needed about the design errors could be retrieved from construction deficiency reports. Based on these findings it is argued that design errors, caused by lack of knowledge, can be prevented in future projects by making the information from the construction deficiency reports available and retrievable for the structural engineer by indexing them using information about the elements meeting where the design error occurred.
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- The rehabilitation of short span masonry arch highway bridges using near-surface reinforcement
- S. Garrity
- Book Title / Journal: In: Bartlett, F. M., (Ed.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Short and Medium Span Bridges, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Society for Civil Engineering, Montreal, Canada
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Repair and Retrofit of Structures
- Description
- Near-surface reinforcement has been developed as a minimum intervention, minimum disruption repair or
strengthening technique for masonry arch bridges and similar structures. It involves installing small diameter
stainless steel reinforcing bars, typically 6mm to 12mm in diameter, into pre-cut grooves or pre-drilled holes in the
near-surface zones of the bridge that are likely to be subject to tensile stress. The principal aims of adding
reinforcement are to improve flexural crack control, increase flexural and shear strength and to increase robustness
and ductility. Typically the reinforcement is installed in the readily accessible surfaces, i.e. the intrados (or soffit) of
the arch barrel and the exposed faces of the piers, abutments, spandrels, parapets and wingwalls.
This paper summarises the results of a series of tests carried out on 2.95m span clay brick arches in the laboratory.
The results of the research were used when designing the strengthening works for a single span arch bridge
constructed in the late 18th century to span the Kennet and Avon Canal at Hungerford in Southern England. An
innovative feature of this project, which is also briefly described in the paper, is that the longitudinal steel
reinforcement was installed in holes that were pre-drilled into the soffit of the arch barrel to follow the line of the
arch using a directed drilling technique. The strengthening scheme was given an Historic Bridge and Infrastructure
Award by the Institution of Civil Engineers.
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- Computational modelling of clay brickwork walls containing openings.
- V. Sarhosis ; Y. Sheng ; S.W. Garrity
- Book Title / Journal: 8th International Masonry Conference 2010 in Dresden, International Masonry Society Proceedings,
- Year: 2010 , Volume: 3, , Series:
- Structure types ; Masonry Structures
- Description
- This paper describes the development of a computational model for masonry that will be used to
study different strengthening systems for single leaf brick wall panels containing openings. As many
of the brickwork walls in need of strengthening were constructed of low strength materials or they
have deteriorated with time, cracking tends to be along the brick/mortar interfaces and failure usually
results from de-bonding of the bricks. As a result the authors decided to use a computational model
based on the Distinct Element Method which was developed by Cundall [1] in 1971. The method was
developed for commercial use by Cundall and Itasca Limited [2] for 2-dimensional structures in the
form of the software UDEC (Universal Distinct Elements Code). Initially DEM was applied to rock
engineering projects where continuity between the separate blocks of rock did not exist. More recently
it has been used to model masonry structures [3, 4 and 5] in which the failure mechanism is governed
primarily by the masonry unit/mortar interface characteristics.
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- Seismic resilience of a hospital system
- G.P. Cimellaroa ; A.M. Reinhornb ; M. Bruneau
- Structure and Infrastructure Engineering, Vol. 6, Nos. 1?2, pp. 127?144. Taylor & Francis
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
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- Hybrid Mathematical-Informational Modeling of Beam-to-Column Connections
- J. Kim ; A.S. Elnashai ; J. Ghaboussi
- Report No. 10-02, Mid-America Earthquake Center
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Steel structures
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- In-situ out-of-plane testing of unreinforced masonry wall segment in Wintec Block F building
- D. Dizhur ; H. Derakhshan ; R. Lumantarna ; M.C. Griffith ; J.M. Ingham
- 2010 NZSEE Conference Proceedings, Paper 86
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Masonry Structures
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- A simple seismic performance assessment technique for unreinforced brick masonry structures
- A. Aldemir
- Book Title / Journal: M.Sc Thesis, the Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences of Middle East Technical University
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
- Description
- There are many advantages of masonry construction like widespread geographic
availability in many forms, colors and textures, comparative cheapness, fire
resistance, thermal and sound insulation, durability, etc. For such reasons, it is still a
commonly used type of residential construction in rural and even in urban regions.
Unfortunately, its behavior especially under the effect of earthquake ground motions
has not been identified clearly because of its complex material nature. Hence, the
masonry buildings with structural deficiencies belong to the most vulnerable class of
structures which have experienced heavy damage or even total collapse in previous
earthquakes, especially in developing countries like Turkey. This necessitates new
contemporary methods for designing safer masonry structures or assessing their
performance. Considering all these facts, this study aims at the generation of a new
performance-based technique for unreinforced brick masonry structures. First,
simplified formulations are recommended to estimate idealized capacity curve
parameters of masonry components (piers) by using the finite element analysis results of ANSYS and regression analysis through SPSS software. Local limit states
for individual masonry piers are also obtained. Then, by combining the component
behavior, lateral capacity curve of the masonry building is constructed together with
the global limit states. The final step is to define seismic demand of the design
earthquake from the building through TEC2007 method. By using this simple
technique, a large population of masonry buildings can be examined in a relatively
short period of time noting that the performance estimations are quite reliable since
they are based on sophisticated finite element analysis results.
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- Estimating the response of flat plate concrete slab systems to fire exposure
- M. Ghoreishi ; A. Bagchi ; M.A. Sultan
- NRCC-53551. SIF'10 - Structures in Fire, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference, East Lansing, MI, USA, June 2-4, 2010, pp. 286-293
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Concrete structures
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- Development of a remote monitoring strategy for concrete building foundations affected by alkali-aggregate reaction
- G. Nery ; D. Cusson ; P. Helene ; J.C. Margeson
- NRCC-53232. 6th International Conference on Concrete under Severe Conditions, Environment & Loading (CONSEC'10), Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, June 7-9, 2010, pp. 1211-1218
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Concrete structures
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- Development of low-shrinkage high-performance concrete with improved durability
- D. Cusson ; J.C. Margeson
- NRCC-52622. 6th International Conference on Concrete under Severe Conditions, Environment & Loading (CONSEC'10), Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, June 7-9, 2010, pp. 869-878
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Concrete structures
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- Performance of a six-story reinforced concrete structure in post-earthquake fire
- H. Mostafaei ; T. Kabeyasawa
- NRCC-52689. 9th US National and 10th Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Toronto, Ontario, July 25-29, 2010, pp. 1-10
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Concrete structures
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- Benefits of internal curing on service life and life-cycle cost of high-performance concrete bridge decks - a case study
- Z. Lounis ; L. Daigle ; D. Cusson
- NRCC-52661. Cement and Concrete Composites, 32, (5), pp. 339-350, May 1, 2010
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Bridge management ; Bridges
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- Improving performance prediction of corroding concrete bridges with field monitoring
- D. Cusson ; L. Daigle ; Z. Lounis
- NRCC-53245. 6th International Conference on Concrete under Severe Conditions, Environment & Loading (CONSEC'10), Merida, Yucatan, Mexico, June 7-9, 2010, pp. 145-158
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2010 , Volume: , Series:
- Bridge management ; Bridges
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