- Experiences on retrofitting of low strength masonry buildings by different retrofitting techniques in Nepal
- C. Stoakes ; G.M. Verderame ; F De Luca ; M.T. De Risi ; C. Del Gaudio ; P. Ricci ; J.K. McIntosh ; J. Mitrani-Reiser ; T.D. Kirsch ; S. Giovinazzi ; C. Jacques ; T.M. Wilson ; M.W. Stirling ; M. Gerstenberger ; Graeme H. McVerry ; K. Lee ; T.-H. Lee ; S. Han ; H. Kim ; H. Shrestha ; R. Guragain ; S. Pradhan
- The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal, Paper No. 2012
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: , Series:
- Repair and Retrofit of Structures
- Keywords: Masonry Structures
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- Three-Dimensional Analysis of Masonry Vaults Using Limit State Analyis With Finite Friction
- D.F. D'Ayala ; E. Tomasoni
- Book Title / Journal: International Journal of Architectural Heritage
- Year: 2011 , Volume: 2 , Series: 5
- Structure types ; Masonry Structures
- Keywords: vaults ; pavillion vaults ; Friction ; limit analysis ; Masonry Structures
- Description
- Within the past 20 years, a growing number of methods for the analysis of masonry vaults have been developed. However, most methods idealize the vaults as a system of many arches. This oversimplification could be admissible for barrel vaults and spherical domes under simple gravitational loads, but it cannot do justice to the three-dimensional effects developing 10 in other types of vaults, especially in complex vaults without smooth and continuous surface.
Moreover, although the results could be conservative for uniform load distributions, this model limits substantially the set of loading conditions that can be analyzed and hence
provide an accurate assessment of vaults performance. To clear this limitation, this article proposes a tool for three-dimensional analysis of masonry vaults. Using the lower bound 15 approach and taking into account the friction among block interfaces, the proposed analytical method may give a good indication of the actual surface of thrust within the framework of limit state analysis. Therefore, limit state analysis with finite friction is able to provide the crack pattern, the stress resultants and the horizontal thrust at the supports, important elements with regard to strengthening interventions. To show its simplicity and rigor, the procedure has been applied to pavilion vaults. The results obtained are validated by comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis and an application to a real case study is presented.
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- Seismic Vulnerability Methods for Masonry Buildings in Historical Centres: Validation and Application for Prediction Analyses and Intervention Proposals
- M.R. Valuzzi ; G. Cardani ; L. Binda ; C. Modena
- Book Title / Journal: Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada
- Year: 2004 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
- Keywords: seismic vulnerability methods ; Masonry Structures ; historical centres
- Description
- A valid approach for the limit analysis of existing masonry buildings in seismic areas concerns the application of single or combined kinematics models involving the equilibrium of structural macroelements. They can be more reliable in describing the real structural behaviour than common equivalent static procedures, based on the “box” behaviour of the structure and on the elasto-plastic behaviour of the
masonry. The main results of the application of different procedures for the static analysis of masonry buildings in seismic area are discussed in the paper. Urban centres suffering different levels of damage and different typologies of buildings are compared.
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- The development of a simplified modeling technique for the finite element analysis of reinforced masonry shear walls
- M.I. Abdellatef
- Book Title / Journal: M.Sc. Thesis
- Year: 2011 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Masonry Structures
- Keywords: shear walls ; Finite element analysis ; Masonry Structures
- Description
- Reinforced masonry shear walls are structural elements that are commonly used in construction. It is important to properly model their contribution to the strength and stiffness of the structures in which they appear. Analysts typically represent these shear walls with deep beam elements within building models. However, the assumption that a shear wall behaves as a deep beam breaks down when shear failure occurs, and cracking starts to dominate the behavior of the wall. There is a need to develop a finite element model of these shear walls that is accurate but simple enough to be included as a part of a full building model.
A 2-D masonry shear wall model was developed to meet these requirements. To make it
applicable within standard structural analysis software, the model does not require a detailed
representation of each component of the wall separately. Instead, the reinforcing is smeared and
overlaid with a plane stress masonry element. Plasticity is assumed for the steel and
cracking/damage is assumed for the masonry. Reductions in masonry stiffness were applied to
account for initial cracks, and artificial damping was added to stabilize the solution process after the
occurrence of masonry damage.
Data from two experimental test programs were used to verify the proposed modeling technique along with comparisons with detailed finite element models. It was found that the behavior of the simplified models was quite close to that of the detailed finite element models for all cases considered. When compared to the peak values of cyclic load of the experimental specimens, it was found that initial stiffness, peak load, and displacement at final failure were well predicted although, for short shear walls which are dominated by shear failure of the masonry, damage did not evolve as rapidly in the finite element models as was observed in the experimental specimens. The proposed modeling technique was therefore shown to reasonably predict reinforced masonry shear wall behavior, even with coarse meshing and smeared steel reinforcement, regardless of the wall aspect ratio, amount of axial vertical load applied to the wall, and reinforcement ratio.
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