- Fire resistance of ceiling slab concreted in trapezoidal sheet
- R. Cajka ; P. Mateckova
- Book Title / Journal: Procedia Engineering
- Year: 2013 , Volume: Vol.65 , Series:
- Structure types ; Composite structures
- Description
- In the paper the heat exposure and structural response model of reinforced concrete ceiling concreted into trapezoidal sheet is analysed. Temperature within the cross-section and in reinforcement is determined on the basis of European standards for fire design of concrete structures and steel-concrete structures using available formulas. Mechanical load is stated for accidental design situation. Fire resistance is assessed for structural resistance and insulation criteria.
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- Capacity of composite steel-concrete columns
- M. Rosmanit ; P. Pařenica
- Book Title / Journal: Procedia Engineering
- Year: 2013 , Volume: Vol.65 , Series:
- Structure types ; Composite structures
- Description
- This paper studies the resistance of composite steel-concrete cross-section of columns at the ultimate limit state. The recommended design procedure is focused on solving the problem with the aid of the normal force vs. bending moment diagram, whose construction is time-consuming. This makes economical design difficult. Therefore a user-friendly application (a simple program on VBA platform) was developed for everyday use. The practical solution and some derivations are explained in this paper.
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- The effect of preloading on the strength of jacketed R/C columns
- V. Papanikolaou ; S. Stefanidou ; A. Kappos
- Book Title / Journal: Construction and Building Materials
- Year: 2013 , Volume: 38 , Series:
- Repair and Retrofit of Structures
- Description
- The influence of core preloading on the strength of jacketed reinforced concrete (R/C) columns is analytically investigated. A recently proposed method for arbitrary composite section analysis in biaxial bending and axial load is extended to include preloading actions. A parametric evaluation of the preloading effect using quantitative indices is performed, considering the variability of several parameters such as section geometry, amount of reinforcement, and various axial and moment preloading levels. Results are presented in the form of 3D failure surfaces and moment-curvature curves. Specific cases where the preloading effect is more pronounced are finally highlighted.
- Abstract
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- Nonstructural vulnerability functions for building categories
- K. Farokhnia
- Book Title / Journal: Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering University of Colorado
- Year: 2013 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
- Description
- There is a rich literature of seismic vulnerability information, only exceeded
by the vast need for more. Methods to derive new seismic vulnerability functions
can be categorized into three types. In generally decreasing order of credibility they
are empirical method, analytical method, and expert opinion. Particular
implementations often include elements of two or more of these categories. The empirical approach represents the best standard of seismic vulnerability.
In this method, historical loss data are grouped by asset type (e.g., stone masonry
buildings), data for a group are plotted on a graph with loss on the y-axis and
estimated excitation on the x-axis, and a regression analysis is performed to fit a
curve to the mean or median value, and quite often to the residual error. The second
approach, analysis by engineering principles, provides insight that empirical
methods do not, but can be costly and can lack the built-in validation of empirical
methods. The third approach, expert opinion, is the most efficient of the three,
requiring little analysis but offering little in the way of validation. The present
research addresses the second approach, or rather a subset of it: vulnerability of
non-structural building components. Non-structural components constitute the majority of the construction cost of
buildings, contributing around 60% (Whittaker and Soong, 2003). By non-structural
components, one means any component in a building that does not significantly 2
contribute to resisting lateral or vertical loads. Nonstructural components include:
terminal and package units, plumbing fixtures, lighting and branch wiring,
partitions, doors, window etc.
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- The behavior of single span stone masonry skew arches.
- V. Sarhosis ; D.V. Oliveira ; J. Lemos ; Y. Sheng ; P.B. Lourenço
- Book Title / Journal: ARCH’13 – 7th International Conference on Arch Bridges, Split, Croatia,
- Year: 2013 , Volume: , Series:
- Structure types ; Masonry Structures
- Description
- The work reported in this paper summarises the development and results
obtained from a 3D computational model, using the distinct element software 3DEC, that
was used to investigate the effect of the angle of skew on the load carrying capacity of
sixteen different single span stone masonry arches. The variables investigated in the
research were the arch span, the span : rise ratio and the skew angle. In order to gain an
understanding of the behaviour of the arches, no attempts were made to model the effects of
fill, spandrel walls or any other construction details. For each model, a full width vertical
line load was applied incrementally to the extrados at quarter span until collapse. At each
load increment the predicted crack development and vertical deflection profile was
recorded. The results are compared with similar “square” (or regular) arches in order to
identify the influence of skew on the behaviour of the arches.
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- An analytical procedure for the derivation of state-dependent fragility curves for masonry buildings
- M. Rota ; A. Mouyiannou ; F. Graziotti ; G. Magenes ; A Penna
- Book Title / Journal: Vienna Congress on Recent Advances in Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics 2013 (VEESD 2013), C. Adam, R. Heuer, W. Lenhardt & C. Schranz (Eds.), Vienna, Austria, Paper
- Year: 2013 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
- Description
- The seismic capacity of a structure is a function of the characteristics of the system and of its state,
which is mainly affected by previous damage and deterioration. The effect of repeated shocks (for example
during a seismic sequence or due to multiple events affecting an unrepaired building stock) on the seismic
vulnerability of masonry buildings is considered in this work by developing state-dependent fragility curves.
These curves only take into account cumulated seismic damage, neglecting possible ageing effects. An analytical
procedure for the derivation of fragility curves is proposed, which is based on nonlinear dynamic analyses with a
large set of unscaled natural records. To speed up computational time, analyses are carried out using an
equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system, properly calibrated to reproduce the cyclic dynamic response of the
selected building prototype.
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- A combined local damage index for seismic assessment of existing RC structures
- P.E. Mergos ; A.J. Kappos
- Book Title / Journal: Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,
- Year: 2013 , Volume: 42 , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
- Description
- A new local damage index for existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures is
introduced, wherein deterioration caused by all deformation mechanisms (flexure,
shear, anchorage slip) is treated separately for each mechanism. Moreover, the
additive character of damage arising from the three response mechanisms, as well as
the increase in degradation rate caused by their interaction, are fully taken into
consideration. The proposed local damage index is then applied, in conjunction with a
finite element model developed previously by the authors, to assess seismic damage
response of several RC column and frame test specimens with substandard detailing.
It is concluded that in all cases and independently from the prevailing mode of failure,
the new local damage index describes well the damage pattern of the analysed
specimens.
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- Eurocodes: Structural fire design
- M. Bellová
- Book Title / Journal: Procedia Engineering
- Year: 2013 , Volume: Vol.65 , Series:
- Other Structural
- Description
- The European Commission together with European Committee for Standardisation organized and supported on 27-28 November 2012 in Brussels, Belgium – International workshop with worked examples: STRUCTURAL FIRE DESIGN. In the workshop took part 117 participants from 28 countries. Author of this paper was in Brussels the only representative from the Slovak Republic. The workshop sessions presented the fire resistance assessment of structures according to the Eurocodes. Each session focused on a specific structural material (steel, steel and concrete composite, concrete, masonry, and timber with the exception of aluminium) and addressed the principles and design methods followed by worked example(s) [1]. Definitions of actions in fire situations were also presented with basic principles and examples at the beginning of the workshop sessions.
The principal objectives of the workshop were to:
•
transfer knowledge and information to representatives of key organisations/institutions, industry and technical associations in the Member States of European Committee for Standardisation;
•
provide state-of-the-art training material, background information and worked examples to Eurocodes trainers and users;
•
facilitate exchange of views, networking and cooperation.
Contribution includes review of background and applications concerning structural fire design of concrete structures, presented at the workshop.
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- Awareness of the industrialized building system (IBS) implementation in Northern Malaysia - A Case Study in Perlis
- U. Kassim ; L. Walid
- Book Title / Journal: Procedia Engineering
- Year: 2013 , Volume: Vol. 53 , Series:
- Other Structural
- Description
- The Industrialized Building Systems (IBS) can be defined in which all building components such as the wall, slab, beam, column and staircase are mass-produced either in the factory or on the factory site under strict quality control and minimal wet site activities (Warswaski, 1999). This research aims at looking into the current awareness of the IBS usage and its exposure method to the relevant population in Perlis, Malaysia. A total of 100 questionnaires were handed out to several parties, namely the Officer's Contractors’ Association of Malaysia (20), Public Works Department (PWD) Perlis (20), Repository Development Officer at River Chuchuh, Perlis (10), Lecturers, Engineering students (25) and the public (25). From the methods, 80% respondents have demonstrated an extent of general knowledge about this system. Meanwhile, 40% know about this system in great detail. Gradually, more respondents agree on the implementation of this system taking place in Perlis. Developers are under the impression that the implementation of the IBS is accompanied by high costs. As the conclusion, profound awareness of the benefits of using the IBS system is pivotal, as this technique is able to function effectively in the competition-based construction industry today.
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- Influence of the mechanical properties of lime mortar on the strength of brick masonry
- A. Costigan ; S. Pavía
- Book Title / Journal: Jan Valek, John J. Hughes and Caspar J. W. P. Groot, (Eds.), RILEM bookseries, Historic Mortars: Characterisation, Assessment and Repair, Springer New York,
- Year: 2013 , Volume: 7 , Series:
- Structure types ; Masonry Structures
- Description
- This paper aims at improving the quality of lime mortar masonry by
understanding the mechanics of mortars and masonry and their interaction. It
investigates how the mortar’s compressive and flexural strengths impact the
compressive and bond strength of clay brick masonry bound with calcium lime
(CL) and natural hydraulic lime (NHL) mortars. It concludes that the strength of
the bond has a greater impact on the compressive strength of masonry than the
mortar’s strength. The masonry compressive strength increased proportionally to
the strength of the bond up to 6 months. A regression analysis, giving a second
order equation with coefficient of determination (R2
) of 0.918, demonstrates a
strong and predictable relationship between bond strength and masonry
compressive strength. It was noted that CL90s mortar masonry reaching a high
bond value was stronger than that built with a stronger mortar but displaying a
poorer bond. Finally, the mechanics of lime mortars and their masonry are similar.
The predominantly elastic behaviour of the mortars of higher hydraulic strength
compares well with the elastic and brittle behaviour of their masonry, with either
little (NHL2) or non-existent plasticity (NHL3.5 and 5); in contrast, the CL90
mortar and masonry exhibit a plastic behaviour.
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- Design and analysis of bridge foundation with different codes.
- H.Y. Aziz ; J. Ma
- Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, Vol. 2, No. 5, Pages 101–118.
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: , Series:
- Bridge management ; Bridges
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- Simplified dynamic response analysis of high-rise buildings subjected to impulse-type vertical ground excitations including wave propagation effect
- Z. He ; H.Q. Zhang ; Y. Yang
- Book Title / Journal: The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal,
- Year: 2012 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
- Description
- This study aims at predicting the vertical macro-level responses of high-rise buildings excited by near-fault
impulse-type vertical component of earthquake waves by proposed simplified wave propagation method.
High-rise buildings are simplified as a continuous solid model with lumped masses and springs, having variable
mechanical parameters. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) filtering process is applied in the proposed wave
propagation analysis in which time delay is taken into account. In addition to the proposed wave propagation
method, conventional vibration differential equations and the wave propagation method which is based on
difference filter have also been established and analyzed. Comparisons of the computational results from the
three methods indicate that wave-propagation-based methods are more competent for predicting structural
responses of structures under impulse-type vertical component of earthquake waves which have larger amplitude
and shorter duration. It is also shown that less energy can be transferred into the upper part of structures due to
significant vertically irregularities in stiffness and mass along structural height. Some preliminary conceptual
design ideas from the study for designing high-rise buildings have been advised.
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- Shaking table experimental researches aimed at the protection of structures subject to dynamic loading
- R. Bairrao ; R.C. Barros ; O. Corbi ; I. Corbi ; A. Baratta
- The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 6, 355-360
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
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- Stability of steel columns with non-uniform cross-sections
- G.T. Michaltsos ; I.G. Raftoyiannis ; T.G. Konstantakopoulos
- The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 6, 1-7
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: , Series:
- Structural Analysis
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- Numerical investigation of seismic behavior of spatial asymmetric multi-storey reinforced concrete buildings with masonry infill walls
- P.G. Asteris ; T. Makarios
- The Open Construction and Building Technology Journal, 6, (Suppl 1-M8) 113-125
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: , Series:
- Earthquake engineering
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