- Steel Bridge Design Handbook: Bridge Deck Design
- B. Chavel
- Book Title / Journal: Steel Bridge Design Handbook
- Year: 2012 , Volume: 17 , Series: FHWA-IF-12-052
- Bridge management ; Bridges
- Keywords: Steel Bridge ; Deck Design ; Concrete Deck ; Precast Concrete Deck
- Description
- The primary function of a bridge deck is to support the vehicular vertical loads and distribute these loads to the steel superstructure. This module provides practical information regarding the decking options and design considerations for steel bridges, presenting deck types such as concrete deck slabs, metal grid decks, orthotropic steel decks, wood decks, and several others. The choice of the particular deck type to use can depend on several factors, which may include the specific application, initial cost, life cycle cost, durability, weight, or owner requirements. For the deck types discussed herein, a brief description of the particular deck type is given, in addition to general design and detail considerations.
PDF |
- Steel Bridge Design Handbook Design Example 3: Three-Span Continuous Horizontally Curved Composite Steel I-Girder Bridge
- J. Rivera ; B. Chavel
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: 23 , Series: No. FHWA-IF-12-052
- Bridge management ; Bridges
- Keywords: Curved I-Girder Bridge ; Bridge design ; LRFD ; Bolted Field Splice ; Cross Frame
- Description
- Horizontally curved steel bridges present many unique challenges. Despite their challenges, curved girder bridges have become widespread and are commonly used at locations that require complex geometries and have limited right-of-way, such as urban interchanges. Some of the important issues that differentiate curved steel girders from their straight counterparts include the effects of torsion, flange lateral bending, their inherent lack of stability, and special constructibility concerns. Also, the complex behavior of horizontally curved bridges necessitates the consideration of system behavior in the analysis.
This design example illustrates the design calculations for a curved steel I-girder bridge, considering the Strength, Service, fatigue and Constructibility Limits States in accordance with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Designs specifications. Calculations are provided for design checks at particular girder locations, a bolted field splice design, a cross frame member design, shear connector design, and a bearing stiffener design.
PDF |
- Steel Bridge Design Handbook Design Example 4: Three-Span Continuous Straight Composite Steel Tub Girder Bridge
- B. Chavel ; J. Carnahan
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: 24 , Series: FHWA-IF-12-052
- Bridge management ; Bridges
- Keywords: Steel Tub Girder ; Steel Box Girder ; Lateral Bracing ; Design Example ; Steel Bridge
- Description
- Tub girders are often selected over I-girders because of their pleasing appearance offering a smooth, uninterrupted, cross section. Bracing, web stiffeners, utilities, and other structural and nonstructural components are typically hidden from view within the steel tub girder, resulting in the tub girders clean appearance. Additionally, steel tub girder bridges offer advantages over other superstructure types in terms of span range, stiffness, durability, and future maintenance.
This design example demonstrates the design of a tangent three-span continuous composite tub girder bridge with a span arrangement of 187.5 ft - 275.0 ft - 187.5 ft. This example illustrates the flexural design of a section in positive flexure, the flexural design of a section in negative flexure, the shear design of the web, the evaluation of using a stiffened versus an unstiffened bottom flange in the negative flexure region, as well as discussions related to top flange lateral bracing and bearing design.
PDF |
- Steel Bridge Design Handbook Design Example 5: Three-Span Continuous Horizontally Curved Composite Steel Tub-Girder Bridge
- B. Chavel ; J. Rivera
- Book Title / Journal:
- Year: 2012 , Volume: 24 , Series: FHWA-IF-12-052
- Bridge management ; Bridges
- Keywords: Steel Tub Girder Bridge ; Steel Box Girder Bridge ; LRFD ; Bolted Field Splice ; Box Girder Distortional Stresses
- Description
- Tub girders, as closed-section structures, provide a more efficient cross section for resisting torsion than I-girders, which is especially important in horizontally curved highway bridges. The increased torsional resistance of a closed composite steel tub girder also results in an improved lateral distribution of live loads. For curved bridges, warping, or flange lateral bending, stresses are lower in tub girders, when compared to I-girders, since tub girder carry torsion primarily by means of St. Venant torsional shear flow around the perimeter of their closed sections, whereas I-girders have very low St. Venant torsional stiffness and carry torsion primarily by means of warping.
This design example illustrates the design calculations for a curved steel tub girder bridge, considering the Strength, Service, fatigue and Constructibility Limits States in accordance with the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Designs specifications. Calculations are provided for design checks at particular girder locations, a bolted field splice design, an internal pier diaphragm design, and a top flange lateral bracing member design.
PDF |
